Research progress of optical coherence tomography angiography in detecting retinal and choroidal thickness and blood flow in patients with high myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

High myopia is a state of refractive error with myopia over -6.00D. High myopia is typically accompanied by multiple fundus lesions, thus making patients with high myopia suffer from varying degrees of impairment in visual function. As an emerging auxiliary way in ophthalmology, optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)can efficiently and non-invasively obtain microvascular stratified images of the retina and choroid and quantitatively analyze blood flow signals. Since the advent of OCTA, there have been numerous studies observing fundus changes in those with high myopia through OCTA. In this paper, some studies in which OCTA is applied to obtain retinal and choroidal thickness from patients with high myopia are reviewed, with a view to revealing the correlation between high myopia and the parameters such as retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, vessel density and the area of the foveal avascular zone and providing novel ideas to deeply investigate the mechanism of high myopia and delay the occurrence and development of high myopia.

Research progress on the modulation mechanism of electroacupuncture for learning and memory impairment after ischemic stroke / 中国针灸

Electroacupuncture may play a role in treatment of learning and memory impairment after ischemic stroke by regulating phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway, nerve growth factor (NGF)/tyrosine kinase-A (TrkA) signaling pathway, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte (Eph)/ephrin signaling pathway. The interactions among these pathways should be further explored in treatment of learning and memory impairment after ischemic stroke.

Effects of electroacupuncture on cardiac function and local field potential of sensory and motor cortices in mice with stress cardiomyopathy / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on cardiac function and local field potential (LFP) in sensory and motor cortices in mice with stress cardiomyopathy (SC), and to explore the possible mechanism of EA in improving SC.@*METHODS@#Twenty-seven female C57BL/6 mice were randomized into a blank group, a model group and an EA group, 9 mice in each group. In the model group and the EA group, SC model was established by continuous intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol (ISO) for 14 days. At the same time of modeling, EA was applied at "Neiguan" (PC 6) and "Shenmen" (HT 7) in the EA group, with disperse-dense wave, in frequency of 2 Hz/15 Hz, 15 min each time, once a day for 14 days. After intervention, the total movement distance, the number of crossing grid and the number of crossing central grid of open field test within 5 minutes were observed; the left ventricular function indexes (left ventricular diameter of end-diastole [LVIDd], left ventricular diameter of end-systole [LVIDs], left ventricular volume of end-diastole [LVEDV], left ventricular volume of end-systole [LVESV], ejection fraction [EF] and fraction shortening [FS]) were detected by echocardiography; the changes in ST-segment amplitude and PR interval of electrocardiogram were observed; the morphology of myocardial tissue was observed by HE staining; the serum levels of cortisol (CORT), cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were detected by ELISA; the changes of LFP in sensory and motor cortices were recorded by Plexon multi-channel acquisition system.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the blank group, in the model group, the total movement distance, the number of crossing grid and the number of crossing central grid of open field test were decreased (P<0.05); LVIDd, LVIDs, LVEDV and LVESV were increased (P<0.05), EF and FS were decreased (P<0.05); ST-segment amplitude was increased (P<0.05) and PR interval was prolonged (P<0.05); irregular myocardial fiber arrangement, interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed; the serum levels of CORT, cTnT and BNP were increased (P<0.05); in the sensory cortex, the ratios of delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands were increased (P<0.05), the maximum energy spectrum of theta and beta frequency bands was increased (P<0.05), the power spectral density (PSD) of delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands was increased (P<0.05); in the motor cortex, the ratios of delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands were increased (P<0.05), the maximum energy spectrum as well as PSD of delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands were increased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, in the EA group, the total movement distance, the number of crossing grid and the number of crossing central grid of open field test were increased (P<0.05); LVIDd, LVIDs, LVEDV and LVESV were decreased (P<0.05), EF and FS were increased (P<0.05); ST-segment amplitude was decreased (P<0.05), and the PR interval was shortened (P<0.05); myocardial fiber injury and inflammatory cell infiltration were reduced; the serum levels of CORT, cTnT and BNP were decreased (P<0.05); in the sensory cortex, the ratios of theta, alpha and beta frequency bands were decreased (P<0.05), the ratio of gamma frequency band was increased (P<0.05), the maximum energy spectrum of theta frequency band as well as the PSD of theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands were decreased (P<0.05); in the motor cortex, the ratios of theta, alpha and beta frequency bands were decreased (P<0.05) and the ratio of gamma frequency band was increased (P<0.05), the maximum energy spectrum of delta frequency band was increased (P<0.05), the maximum energy spectrum of theta frequency band as well as the PSD of theta and gamma frequency bands were decreased (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#EA can improve cardiac function in mice with stress cardiomyopathy, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of local field potentials in sensory and motor cortices.

Sleep quality and its influencing factors in senior high school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To study the current situation of sleep quality of senior high school students and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for targeted sleep quality improvement of high school students.@*Methods@#A total of 4 793 senior high school students of different grades were recruited from four different regions (Shanghai, Qinghai, Macao, Henan) in 2020. The information of demographic, sleep status, mental factors, living habits and other information were collected by questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Logistic regression were used to analyze sleep quality and its influencing factors of the senior high school students.@*Results@#About 24.2% of senior high school students reported sleep problems and 71.4% slept less than 7 hours at night. Interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety symptoms, learning, family and interpersonal stress had significant effects on sleep problems in senior high school students( χ 2=1 147.98, 1 228.35, 1 032.54, 371.05, 497.61, 475.39, P <0.01). Drinking coffee and tea, drinking alcohol, smoking (including secondhand smoke), long term use of electronic products, late sleep, bedtime diet, poor sleep environment, parents with sleep problems were the risk factors for sleep disorders of senior high school students, regular exercise was the protective factors for sleep disorders of senior high school students, the influence was significant ( χ 2=160.28, 127.73 , 108.02, 113.27, 470.91, 340.95, 72.02, 155.53, 116.30, 76.96, 28.75, 12.89, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The sleep quality of senior high school students needs to be improved. Schools and parents should pay attention to the mental health and living habits of senior high school students to help them improve their sleep quality and grow up smoothly.

Analysis of "Tianyou (TE 16) and five regions" in the human body / 中国针灸

Focusing on the original text record in

Analysis of the effect of home quarantine on blood lipid and glucose of healthy adults during the COVID-19 epidemic times based on the data of physical examination / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To analyze the effect of home quarantine on blood glucose and lipids in healthy adults during the COVID-19 epidemic times.Method:From April 7, 2020 to May 1, 2020, 512 adults wereexamined in Beijing physical examination center, of which 87 adults aged olderthan 18, received community closed management or home quarantine from January 23, 2020 to March 30, 2020, and theadultshad physical examination in Beijing physical examination center in the same month of 2018 and 2019 were selected as controls. The change trend of blood glucose and blood lipid acrossthe three years was analyzed by one-way repeated measurement of variance, and the difference of blood lipid and blood glucose between two years of physical examination was further analyzed by Bonferroni method. Datawereanalyzed by gender.Result:Among the 87 subjects, 36 (41.4%) were male and 51(58.6%) were female. The average age was (46.3±13.2) years and ranged from 24 to 74. The difference of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) among 2018, 2019 and 2020 was statistically significant (all P<0.05), while differences in LDL-C, TC and FBG were statistically significant for males (all P<0.05) and HDL-C, LDL-C, TC and FBG were statistically significant for females (all P<0.05). HDL-C in 2018and 2020were significantly lower than that in 2019 [(1.27±0.29), (1.30±0.31) vs. (1.36±0.34) mmol/L], LDL-C in 2020was significantly higher than that in 2018and 2019 [(3.11±0.88) vs. (2.81±0.77), (2.84±0.71) mmol/L], TG in 2020 was significantly higher than that in 2019[(1.54±1.17) vs. (1.32±0.80) mmol/L], TC in 2019and 2020were significantly higher than that in 2018 [(4.88±0.94), (5.10±0.99) vs. (4.63±0.90) mmol/L], and the FBG in 2019and 2020were significantly lower than that in 2018 [(5.34±1.17), (5.44±1.58) vs. (5.84±1.70) mmol/L] (all P<0.05). The comparative analysis of men and women showed that the means of LDL-C, TG, TC and FBG of men were higher than those of women while the mean of HDL-C was lower than that of women in each year; compared with 2019, the increase of LDL-C and TC of men was obvious while the decrease of HDL-C of women was obvious (all P<0.05) in 2020. Conclusion:During the epidemic period of COVID-19, the home quarantine has adverse effects on blood glucose and lipid.

Analysis of influencing factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in healthy people: Based on nested case control study / 中国综合临床

Objective:Based on the occupational cohort of Beijing Medical Examination Center, to explored the relevant factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to provide scientific basis for screening and early diagnosis of NAFLD in high-risk population.Methods:Based on the cohort of occupational population who underwent physical examination in Beijing physical examination center from January to December 2009, the physical examination indexes were collected, and a retrospective survival cohort with a follow-up period of 3 years was established.According to the idea of nested case-control study, each case was randomly matched with the same gender, age and physical examination time in the same month by using the method of random sampling without putting back.Conditional logistic regression model was established by using the matched data.The diagnostic value of related indicators for NAFLD was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Results:A total of 1 194 subjects were included, including 684 males (57.3%, 684/1 194) and 510 females (42.7%, 510/1 194). The age was (50.8±11.6) years.The age ranged from 24.0 to 88.0 years.There were 597 patients with NAFLD, including 342 males and 255 females.Logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin, platelet count, uric acid and urea nitrogen were statistically significant in male model (all P<0.05). Body mass index( OR=1.242, 95% CI 1.143-1.349, P<0.001), hemoglobin( OR=1.034, 95% CI 1.015-1.053, P<0.001), platelet( OR=1.005, 95% CI 1.002-1.009, P=0.005), uric acid( OR=1.004, 95% CI 1.001-1.006, P=0.004), high density lipoprotein cholesterol( OR=0.377, 95% CI 0.184-0.775, P=0.008) and urea nitrogen( OR=0.807, 95% CI 0.693-0.938, P=0.005) were protective factors for NAFLD in male patients..Body mass index( OR=1.552, 95% CI 1.366-1.762, P<0.001), triglyceride ( OR=2.606, 95% CI 1.616-4.204, P<0.001), blood glucose( OR=2.199, 95% CI 1.332-3.631, P=0.002), uric acid( OR=1.005, 95% CI 1.001-1.010, P=0.024) in female model were statistically significant ( P<0.05), and were risk factors for NAFLD in female patients. Conclusion:The incidence rate of NAFLD was different among different gender and age, body mass index, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin, platelet count, uric acid, urea nitrogen, triglyceride and blood glucose were closely related to the incidence of NAFLD.

Clinical and laboratory diagnosis and management of rare bleeding diseases / 中华检验医学杂志

Rare bleeding disorders (RBD) are autosomal recessive inherited diseases caused by one or more coagulation factor defects, including the deficiency of fibrinogen (FG), prothrombin, factor (F)V, Ⅶ, Ⅹ，Ⅺ, Ⅷ and so on. Due to the low prevalence of RBD, and lack of large-scale randomized controlled studies in the world, where are great challenges to clinicians in diagnosis and treatment of this series of diseases. Facing in the heterogeneity of clinical phenotype and laboratory characteristics, it is more necessary to strengthen the communication and cooperation between the clinical and laboratory, realizing comprehensive management.

Association between platelet-derived growth factor-C single nucleotide polymorphisms and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Western Chinese population / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely, rs4691383 and rs7667857, in the platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) gene, the genotypes, environmental exposure factors, and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in Western Chinese population.@*METHODS@#A total of 268 case-parent trios were selected, and two SNPs (rs4691383 andrs7667857) were genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphic method and direct sequencing method. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, linkage disequilibrium test, transmission disequilibrium test, and haplotype analysis were conducted to analyze the data. Meanwhile, the questionnaires on the epidemiology of cleft lip and palate filled by the included samples were collected, and the interaction between the genotypes of the two SNPs and environmental exposure factors was assessed by conditional logistic regression.@*RESULTS@#The A allele at rs4691383 and the G allele at rs7667857 of PDGF-C gene were over-transmitted for NSCL/P (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The rs4691383 and rs7667857 at PDGF-C gene are closely related to the occurrence of NSCL/P in Western Chinese population. However, the interaction between environmental exposure factors and PDGF-C genotypes is not obvious in the occurrence of NSCL/P.

Effects and Mechanism of PARP Inhibitor Olaparib on the Expression of NKG2D Ligands in HL-60 Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the regulatory effects of Olaparib on natural killer cell activating receptor (NKG2D) ligands expression on human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line HL-60, and to explore the molecular mechanism of Olaparib on HL-60 cells.@*METHODS@#After HL-60 cells in logarithmic growth phase were treated with Olaparib at different concentrations for different times (24, 48 h), the expression of NKG2D ligand on the surface of HL-60 cells was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to dectect the expression of ERK expression in HL-60 cells. The killing effect of NK cells to HL-60 cells was detected by CFSE/PI method.@*RESULTS@#10 μmol/L Olaparib could upregulate the expression of NKG2D ligand on the surface of HL-60 cell at 24 and 48 hours, while 5 μmol/L Olaparib could induce up-regulation of the expression of ULBP-2 and ULBP-3 at 48 hours. Western blot analysis showed that ERK phosphorylation of HL-60 cells was enhanced after treating with Olaparib. The killing effect of NK cells to HL-60 cells could be enhanced by Olaparib, however, ERK inhibitor could suppress the killing effect of NK cells to HL-60 cells.@*CONCLUSION@#Olaparib can upregulate NKG2D ligands expression on the surface of HL-60 cells and enhance the cytotoxicity of NK cell to HL-60 cells. The mechanism may be related to Olaparib promoting ERK phosphorylation expression.

Effect of sarcopenia on the efficiency of the treatment of femoral neck fracture in elderly patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of sarcopenia on the efficiency of the treatment of femoral neck fracture in elderly patients.Methods A total of 65 elderly patients aged ≥65 years with femoral neck fractures meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were investigated in our hospital from February 2014 to February 2016.The muscle cross-sectional area(cm2) at the thoracic 12 pedicle level was measured by chest CT.The skeletal muscle index(SMI)is calculated by the formula that the muscle cross-sectional area(cm2)at T12 pedicle level was divided by m2 of the patient's body height(meter).SMI cutoff values of 42.6 cm2/m2 (males)and 30.6 cm2/m2 (females)were used to diagnose sarcopenia.Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship of SMI with the length of hospital stay,blood transfusion during hospitalization and Harris score one month after surgery.The difference between the patients with and without sarcopenia in the length of hospital stay,the volume of blood transfusion,incidence rate of complications,Harris score,the mortality rate of perioperative period and on.year mortality rate were analyzed by ttest.Results Among 65 elderly patients,28 cases were diagnosed as sarcopenia.Their mean SMI was(30.3 ± 5.2)cm2/m2 in the sarcopenia group and (43.0±6.5)cm2/m2 in the non-sarcopenia group,the difference was statistically significant (t =-8.448,P ＜ 0.001).There were significant differences between the sarcopenia group and the non sarcopenia group in the mean hospital stay[(14.7 ± 5.8)d vs.(13.2±4.5)d,t =1.225,P =0.225],the transfusion volume during hospitalization[(1.7 ± 1.4) units vs.(0.92±1.0)units,t=2.621,P=0.011],Harris scores[(81.1±4.4) vs.(88.7±2.3),t=-8.219,P ＜0.001)],the incidence of complications(57.1 ％ vs.16.2 ％,x2 =11.923,P =0.001),the mortality of perioperative period(7.1％ vs.2.7％,P=0.573)and the one-year mortality(35.7％ vs.10.8％,x2 =4.468,P =0.035).Conclusions Sarcopenia can delay postoperative rehabilitation in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture and increase the incidence of complications and late mortality rate.

Efficacy comparison between clavicular hook plate combined with coracoclavicular figment reconstruction and simple hook plate for acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To compare the efficacy between hook plate combined with coracoclavicular ligament functional reconstruction by conjoined tendon transfer and single hook plate surgery in the treatment of Rockwood type Ⅲ and type Ⅴ acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 37 patients with Rockwood type Ⅲ and Ⅴ acute acromioclavicular dislocations admitted to Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from October 2011 to April 2016.According to the random number method,the patients were divided into combined tendon and ligament reconstruction group (ligament reconstruction group,19 patients) and clavicular hook plate group (single plate group,18 patients).In the ligament reconstruction group,there were 14 males and five females,aged (47.0 ± 11.4) years,and there were 10 patients with type Ⅲ and nine with type Ⅴ.In the simple plate group,there were 12 males and six females,aged (45.0 ± 11.2)years,and there were 11 patients with type Ⅲ and seven with type Ⅴ.In the ligament reconstruction group,the acromioclavicular joint was reduced by clavicular hook plate,and the oblique ligament and the conical ligament were reconstructed by lateral half-inversion of the short head tendon of biceps brachii combined with tendon.The double-bundle functional reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligament was performed.In single plate group,hook plate was used to reduce acromioclavicular joint.The intraoperative blood loss,incision length,operation time,and visual analogue score (VAS) before operation and after 1 year follow-up were compared.Constant-Murley score and Karlsson score were used to evaluate the effect of operation.X-ray films were taken regularly to observe the reduction and maintenance of acromioclavicular joint dislocation.The complications were recorded.Results All patients were followed up for 17-24 months [(20.0 ± 1.7) months].There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).In the ligament reconstruction group and single plate group,the incision length was (13.4 ± 0.8) cm and (6.6 ± 0.7) cm (P ＜ 0.05);the operation time was (88.7 ± 8.3) minutes and (54.1 ± 7.3) minutes (P ＜ 0.05);the preoperative VAS score was (7.5 ± 0.9) points and (7.3 ± 0.7) points (P ＞ 0.05);the VAS at 1 year after operation was (2.1 ± 0.9) points and (3.8 ± 1.4) points (P ＜ 0.05).X-ray showed good reduction of acromioclavicular joint in ligament reconstruction group,with no loss of reduction occurred after removal of hook plate.In the simple plate group,loss of reduction,resorption of distal clavicle bone and bone fusion occurred after removal of hook plate.The Constant-Murley scores in the ligament reconstruction group and the single plate group were (89.5 ± 2.9) points and (79.6 ± 5.0) points respectively;the excellent and good rates of Karlsson score were 89.5％ (17/19) and 61.1％ (11/18) (both P ＜ 0.05),respectively.In the ligament reconstruction group,one patient complained of pain and swelling at the tendon.In the single plate group,loss of reduction occurred in three patients after removal of internal fixator;obvious subacromial osteolysis was seen in seven patients at 1 year after operation;and impingement sign was positive in nine patients at 1 year after operation.Conclusion The overall surgical effect of hook plate combined with coracoclavicular ligament functional reconstruction by conjoined tendon transfer is superior to single hook plate surgery in the treatment of type Rockwood Ⅲ and Rockwood Ⅴ acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations,though with longer operation time and bigger incision.

Research progress in ventilator-associated events and prevention / 中国感染控制杂志

Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HAP) is a key factor affecting the clinical prognosis of critically ill patients undergoing long-term mechanical ventilation.In the past, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was an important mean of monitoring complications of ventilator-associated infection, but it is highly controversial because of its high subjectivity, low specificity and poor sensitivity.Therefore, the definition of ventilator-associated event (VAE) was proposed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of USA in 2013, the monitoring definition adopts objective and quantitative criteria, which can better predict the clinical outcomes of patients.This paper summarizes the research progress of VAE in recent years, and provides some new ideas for better prevention and control of VAE.

Simultaneous Determination of 10 Kinds of Cyanotoxins in Lake Water by Solid Phase Extraction-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Photodiode Array Detector / 分析化学

A method has been developed by solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector for simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of cyanotoxins in lake water, including microcystin-RR (MC-RR), MC-YR, MC-HtyR, MC-LR, MC-WR, MC-LA, MC-LY, MC-LW, MC-LF and nodularin ( NOD ).The samples were enriched and purified by a HLB solid phase extraction column.The separation was performed on a Waters C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with the gradient elution of acetonitrile and water containing 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid.The flow rate of the mobile phase was 0.8 mL/min.The column temperature was 30℃ and the injection volume was 20 μL.The photodiode array detector was scanned from 190 nm to 300 nm and the detection wavelength was 238 nm.Multiple qualitative analyses were completed according to retention time, full scanning spectrum of photodiode array detector and purity analysis of chromatographic peak.Good linearity was observed in the cyanotoxin concentration range of 0.05 mg/L-2.0 mg/L with correlation coefficients ( R) from 0.9998 to 0.9999.The limits of detection for 10 cyanotoxins were in the range of 0.005 μg/L-0.020 μg/L.The recoveries were in the range of 85.1%-105.3% at the three spiked levels of 0.1 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L and 1.8 mg/L with the relative standard deviations ( RSD ) of 0.8% -9.2%.The method was characteriZed by wide applicability, convenient operation, quick analytical rate, high sensitivity, good accuracy and high recovery.The qualitative accuracy was improved by using multiple qualitative analyses.This method was successfully applied to determination of 10 kinds of cyanotoxins in lake water.

Ilexgenin A enhances the effects of simvastatin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease without changes in simvastatin pharmacokinetics / 中国天然药物

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). New therapeutic strategies which have the potential for slowing down the evolution of NAFLD and reducing CVD-related mortality are urgently needed. Statins are well recognized in the treatment of dyslipidemia, but their use in the treatment of NAFLD is limited due to the safety concerns. Ilexgenin A (IA) is one of the main bioactive compounds in 'Shan-lv-cha', an herbal tea commonly used in China. In the present study, we investigated the possible synergistic therapeutic effects of IA and simvastatin (SV) on NAFLD. IA or SV showed beneficial effects on the rats with NAFLD by lowering the liver weight, liver index and plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, regulating abnormal metabolism of lipids and ameliorating steatosis in liver. IA significantly enhanced the hypolipidemic and anti-inflammation effects of SV. Furthermore, a sensitive, accurate, convenient and reproducible LC-MS method was developed to investigate the effects of IA on the pharmacokinetics of SV. No significant changes were observed in pharmacokinetic parameters of SV and simvastatin hydroxy acid in the IA plus SV co-treated group in comparison with those in the group treated with SV alone. The mRNA levels and activity of CYP3A1 were not altered by IA. In conclusion, the results obtained from the present study should be helpful for further clinical application of SV and IA alone or in combination.

The effect of general anesthesia on sleep rhythm of patients / 医学研究生学报

In recent years, studies have shown that general anesthesia would affect patients' sleep rhythm to certain extent, which contribute to postoperative sleep disorders. Long-term dysfunction of sleep rhythm will seriously affect patients' outcome and recovery. Therefore, how general anesthesia affects sleep rhythm has become one of the hot topic of clinical. This paper will illustrate the effect of different general anesthetics and anesthetics methods on sleep rhythm and the effect of sleep disorders on postoperative delirium, cardiovascular events and immune function.

Analysis of laparoscopic and open radical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma of type Bismuth-I / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of laparoscopic and open radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Bismuth-I). Methods From January 2011 to January 2017, 34 patients (10 patients in the laparoscopic group and 24 patients in the open group) underwent radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Results All these patients underwent radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma of type Bismuth-I successfully. The volume of blood loss was (179.50 ± 98.05) ml and duration of hospital stay was (11.80 ± 2.49) d of laparoscopic group which was lower than (261.25 ± 97.33) ml, (16.25 ± 3.35) d of open group (P < 0.05). The levels of Tbil of laparoscopic group at days after operation 1, 3, 5 d were (102.20 ± 45.49) mmol/L, (83.57 ± 30.66) mmol/L, (45.09 ± 18.41) mmol/L. The levels of Tbil of open group at days after operation 1, 3, 5 d were (148.17 ± 62.78) mmol/L, (121.60 ± 43.35) mmol/L, (80.59 ± 43.89) mmol/L. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). And the laparoscopic group postoperative number of lymph nodes dissected (9.79 ± 3.05), postoperative complications (1 cases), positive margin (0 cases); and open group(9.30 ± 3.06), 3 cases, had no statistically significant differences were compared (P >0.05). Two groups of patients were followed up for 6~18 months. During the follow-up period, there was no recurrence or metastasis in the two groups. Conclusion Laparoscopic Bismuth-I radical resection of hilar bile duct carcinoma in lymph node dissection, postoperative complications, positive margin rate, prognosis and open type Bismuth-I hilar cholangiocarcinoma radical operation of similar effects, and more minimally invasive advantages. Therefore, laparoscopic radical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma of type Bismuth-I is safe and feasible.

The effect of allicin on the ventricular myocytes of rabbit with heart failure / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To observe the effect of allicin on the action potential duration (APD) and L-type calcium current (ICa,L) in the ventricular myocytes of rabbits with heart failure in order to explore the mechanisms of therapeutic effect of allicin on cardiac arrhythmias complicated with heart failure.Methods Forty-five New Zealand White male rabbits were randomly (random number) assigned to 3 groups (n=15 in each group):sham operated group (sham group),heart failure group (HF group),and heart failure treated with allicin group (HF+All group).The rabbit heart failure model was established by abdominal aortic constriction coupled with aortic regurgitation,the ventricular myocytes were obtained by enzyme double digestion,and the whole cell clamp was used to record action potential and calcium current.The action potential duration (APD),Ica,L and gating mechanism were observed during heart failure and allicin administered.Data were processed with pCLAMP version 10.2.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0.Comparisons among groups were carried out using ANOVA,and SNK-q was used for multiple comparison as post-hoe.Results (1) Prolonged APD was found during heart failure,APD50 was prolonged from (93.4±4.7) ms in sham group to (115.5±6.2) ms in HF group(P＜0.01).After administration of allicin 30 μmol/L,APD50 was shortened to (105.2±5.5) ms (P＜0.05).(2) The density of ICa.L increased during heart failure,peak current density increased increased from (-8.4±0.6) pA/pF in sham group to (-15.1± 1.1) pA/pF while 0 mV attained at depolarizations (P＜0.01).After administration of allicin 30 μmol/L,the current density reduced to (-10.1+0.8) pA/pF (P＜0.01).The effect of allicin presented in both voltage dependent and consentration dependent manner.(3) According to the gating mechanism study,the main mechanism of lowering the density of ICa,L by allicin after heart failure was the acceleration of the steady inactivation of the channel,and the de-escalation of the recovery kinetic after the inactivation of the channel.Conclusions Allcin can be used to reduce the calcium current of ventricular myocytes in animal heart failure model,it has the potential of clinical use in treating cardiac arrhythmias during heart failure.

Quality evaluation of medicinal herb decoction--Forsythiae Fructus / 中国中药杂志

To establish the quality control methods for the standard decoction of Forsythiae Fructus. Twelve batches of representative Forsythiae Fructus were collected to prepare standard decoction of Forsythiae Fructus, and then the parameters such as extraction ratio, transfer rate of the index components and pH value of the solution were calculated to evaluate the stability of the process. The simultaneous determination method of target components and fingerprint method were established, and ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to identify the main common peaks in the fingerprint to clarify the main chemical constituents in the decoction. The similarities of the fingerprints of standard decoction of Forsythiae Fructus were more than 0.9. The average extraction ratio of the standard decoction of Forsythiae Fructus was (15.53±6.27)%, and the transfer rate of forsythiaside A was(38.0±10.2)%. The method for evaluating the quality of standard decoction of Forsythiae Fructus was presented, providing reference for the quality control of products stemmed from the water extract of Forsythiae Fructus, with high similarity and uniform quality.

Ilexgenin A enhances the effects of simvastatin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease without changes in simvastatin pharmacokinetics / 中国天然药物

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). New therapeutic strategies which have the potential for slowing down the evolution of NAFLD and reducing CVD-related mortality are urgently needed. Statins are well recognized in the treatment of dyslipidemia, but their use in the treatment of NAFLD is limited due to the safety concerns. Ilexgenin A (IA) is one of the main bioactive compounds in 'Shan-lv-cha', an herbal tea commonly used in China. In the present study, we investigated the possible synergistic therapeutic effects of IA and simvastatin (SV) on NAFLD. IA or SV showed beneficial effects on the rats with NAFLD by lowering the liver weight, liver index and plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, regulating abnormal metabolism of lipids and ameliorating steatosis in liver. IA significantly enhanced the hypolipidemic and anti-inflammation effects of SV. Furthermore, a sensitive, accurate, convenient and reproducible LC-MS method was developed to investigate the effects of IA on the pharmacokinetics of SV. No significant changes were observed in pharmacokinetic parameters of SV and simvastatin hydroxy acid in the IA plus SV co-treated group in comparison with those in the group treated with SV alone. The mRNA levels and activity of CYP3A1 were not altered by IA. In conclusion, the results obtained from the present study should be helpful for further clinical application of SV and IA alone or in combination.